Jared Diamond's theory of geographic luck is a very believable and continually advancing theory. Nally's question was a very logical question and luck is a big chunk of his answer. The middle east was given gifts that Papua New Guinea wasn't. New Guinea got stuck with everything that required hard labor and work while the middle east had it easy. This is why a lot of Papua New Guinea is still stuck just plain hunting and gathering while the rest of the world was associated with the middle east which shared their luck and resources with the world.
The middle east was a bunch of hunters and gatherers until they "got smart" and found out what they could do with the easy to use and versatile resources around them. They first found out that you could plant and grow crops like wheat and barley. When this technique called farming was starting to become universal in the area people started to establish permanent settlements. The easy to get and make food led to many people to do other things than hunting and gathering. When people could invent there were technological breakthroughs like making and using plaster to build things. Because the food could stored for a long time they never had to worry about running out. They ten starting domesticating animals for their meat, milk, and hide to make things. These animals were perfect for them. They didn't know that land could be over farmed so when the the land no longer profited well for them they moved east and west because the climate was the same and they could do the same things. The moving out started civilization everywhere.
New Guinea didn't have any ideal plants like the middle east for domestication. They didn't have any ideal animals either. They always have to do the hard and manual labor by hand. The y did not invent any thing because everyone has to worry about getting food all of the time and takes forever. They also didn't have anywhere to go because they are an isolated island. New Guinea didn't have any technology because they did not have ideal resources. They did not have rescources because they didn't have geographical luck. This is the bottom line of how civilization came about. This is the answer to the century old question.
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